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Introducing Mako SmartRobotics
Mako SmartRobotics combines three key components: 3D CT-based planning, AccuStop haptic technology, and insightful data analytics, into one platform that has shown better outcomes for your total knee, total hip and partial knee patients. 1,2,3
It all starts with a CT scan that creates a 3D image of your patient’s unique anatomy. This information you’ve never had before allows you to create your patient’s plan and assess and balance the joint.
Mako Total Knee
A distinct, prospective, consecutive series, single-surgeon study comparing patients undergoing conventional jig-based total knee replacement versus Mako Total Knee surgery (40 patients) concluded that Mako Total Knee with Triathlon was associated with: Less need for opiate analgesics (p<0.001), less time to hospital discharge (26% reduction in LOS), less need for in-patient physical therapy sessions (p<0.001), and less postoperative pain (p<0.001).4
Mako Partial Knee
At minimum 3-year follow-up, Mako Partial Knee patients (n=51) showed no implant failure or implant-related complication or revision surgery, as well as excellent overall patient satisfaction for 96.1% of patients (patients reported very satisfied or satisfied).5
Mako Total Hip
In a cadaveric study, Mako Total Hip was significantly more accurate to plan than manual implantation in reproducing COR and cup orientation.6
Using everything the CT scan helps you to know about your patient, Mako AccuStop haptic technology guides you to cut what’s planned precisely for each patient.1,14,15 For some patients, that means preserving soft tissue; for others, that means saving healthy bone.7,8,9,10
Mako Total Knee
A prospective, consecutive series, single-surgeon study comparing patients undergoing conventional jig-based total knee replacement versus Mako Total Knee surgery (30 patients), concluded that Mako Total Knee with Triathlon was associated with less bone and soft tissue damage (p<0.05).8
Mako Partial Knee
In a single surgeon study comparing consecutive Mako Partial Knee (n=73) vs. manual Oxford uni (n=73), Mako Partial Knee patients demonstrated: reduced post-op pain (p<0.001), decreased analgesia requirements (p<0.001), shorter time to straight leg raise (p<0.001), decreased number of PT sessions (5 vs. 9, p<0.001), improved max knee flexion at discharge (p<0.001), and reduced mean time to hospital discharge (29 hours).11
Mako Total Hip
In a controlled, match-paired study, using acetabular head size as an approximate surrogate measure of acetabular bone resection, results suggested greater preservation of bone stock using Mako Total Hip compared to manual surgery.12
As part of our Mako SmartRobotics program,* Stryker’s dedicated team works alongside you to understand your data, your goals and your challenges. Our dashboard and tools help you to see trends and drill into specific case details to view areas of success and to discover areas that have opportunity for improvement. Our program can help you make more informed decisions through insightful data analytics.
The Mako SmartRobotics program* includes two essential data platforms - our Hospital/ASC Reported Outcomes (HRO) dashboard and RecoveryCOACH, our patient engagement and patient reported outcomes collection portal and app. With the insights and engagement driven from both of these platforms, we can help you:
- Enhance patient engagement to help improve satisfaction scores**
- Benchmark your data to compare outcomes to look for areas of opportunity for improvement
- See a comprehensive view of key performance indicators of your orthopaedic service line
Visit our Performance Solutions insight center dashboard!
Turn data into insights and insights into action
- As part of the Mako SmartRobotics program,* Stryker’s dedicated team will work with you to verify and review your data on a quarterly basis and help you implement the RecoveryCOACH platform
- Access to detailed data and patient-reported outcomes can help you share your success with the community
*Access to the Mako Program Analytics offering requires execution of a separate Mako Program Analytics agreement.
**Patient satisfaction is measured by the HCAHPS (Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems) Survey, a national, standardized, publicly reported 29-item survey instrument and data collection methodology for measuring discharged patients’ perspectives of their hospital experience.
- Analyze key performance indicators including operational, clinical and operating room metrics
- Track, trend and benchmark elective joint replacement outcomes
- Access national and peer group comparisons
- Review metrics quarterly with your dedicated data manager and clinical manager
- Analyze results with the ability to filter by procedure, surgeon, payor type and admission status (and many more…)
- Gain a better understanding of Mako utilization and drill into patient-level detail
- Utilize performance metrics to drive engaging discussion
- Share data with referring primary care physicians, prospective patients and payors
- Communicate with key stakeholders regarding Mako Robotic-Arm Assisted Surgery patients
*** When tracking ASC metrics compared to hospital metrics, complications, readmissions, blood transfusions and flexion/extension metrics are not typically available.
Coordinating care with patients, educating and motivating them to prepare for surgery and complete rehab after surgery, and getting them to complete surveys isn’t easy. We understand the complexity and challenges of orthopaedic practices, both inside and outside of the operating room.
We created a digital platform to help engage patients in a personalized online surgical experience. RecoveryCOACH is the go-to source for checking in and checking up on your patients, managing patient compliance and collecting patient-reported outcomes and general health surveys.
RecoveryCOACH is a useful tool to help streamline your patient care and efficiently deliver an online experience to patients that may help improve patient satisfaction and outcomes.
- Helps address patient expectations and preparedness for surgery
- Provides access to on-demand education library
- Allows family member access so they can support the patient throughout their surgical journey
- Provides a platform for communication with care team
- Plan for 90-day episode
- Manage patients ‘by exception’
- Real-time feedback on patient recovery
- Access to patient reported outcomes data
For more information contact:
Peter Spadafora – Regional Account Manager, East
603 491 4598
Joe Korompay – Regional Account Manager, West
615 578 9177
This material and/or presentation is provided for guidance and/or illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as a guarantee of future results or a substitution for medical advice from a healthcare provider. Stryker Performance Solutions does not practice medicine and assumes no responsibility for the administration of patient care.
A surgeon must always rely on his or her own professional clinical judgement when deciding to use a particular product when treating a particular patient. Stryker does not dispense medical advice and recommends that surgeons be trained in the use of any particular product before using it in surgery.
The information presented is intended to demonstrate the breadth of Stryker's product offerings. A surgeon must always refer to the package insert, product label and/or instructions for use before using any of Stryker's products. Products may not be available in all markets because product availability is subject to the regulatory and/or medical practices in individual markets. Please contact your sales representative if you have questions about the availability of products in your area.
Not intended for promotional or marketing use outside the United States.
© 2020 Stryker Performance Solutions, LLC.
content ID - MKOSYM-WC-25_24885
Mako Total Knee key clinical studies
Accuracy to plan
Title
Robotic-arm assisted total knee arthroplasty more accurately restored the posterior condylar offset ratio and the Insall-Salvati Index compared to the manual technique; a cohort-matched study
Journal
Surgical Technology International
Year
2019
Author(s)
Sultan AA, Khlopas A, Sodhi N, Bhowmik-Stoker M, Chen A, Orozco F, Kolisek F, Mahoney O, Smith LS, Malkani A, Molloy RM, Mont MA
Institutions
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; OrthoIndy, Indianapolis, Indiana; Athens Orthopaedic Clinic, Athens, Georgia; Shea Orthopedic Group, Louisville, Kentucky; Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, New York
Conclusion
“Patients who underwent TKA using robotic-arm assisted technology had smaller mean differences in PCOR which had been previously shown to correlate with better joint ROM at 1-year following surgery. In addition, these patients were less likely to have values outside of normal Insall-Salvati Index, which meant they may be less likely to develop patella baja, a condition in which the patella would impinge onto the patellar component, potentially leading to restricted flexion and overall ROM.”
Title
Robotic-arm assisted total knee arthroplasty demonstrated greater accuracy and precision to plan compared with manual techniques
Journal
Journal of Knee Surgury
Year
2018
Author(s)
Hampp EL, Chughtai M, Scholl LY, Sodhi N, Bhowmik-Stoker M, Jacofsky DJ, Mont MA
Institutions
Cleveland Clinic; Lenox Hill Hospital; CORE Institute
Conclusion
In a cadaveric study that compared RA-TKA to manual TKA (M-TKA), “RA-TKA bone cuts were as or more accurate to plan based on nominal median values in 11 out of 12 measurements. RA-TKA bone cuts were more precise to plan in 8 out of 12 measurements. RA-TKA final component positions were as or more accurate to plan based on median values in five out of five measurements. RA-TKA final component positions were more precise to plan in four out of five measurements… When compared with M-TKA, RA-TKA demonstrated more accurate and precise bone cuts and implant positioning to plan.”
Mako Total Knee key clinical studies
Soft tissue
Title
Iatrogenic bone and soft tissue trauma in robotic-arm assisted total knee arthroplasty compared with conventional jig-based total knee arthroplasty: a prospective cohort study and validation of a new classification system
Journal
Journal of Arthroplasty
Year
2019
Author(s)
Kayani B, Konan S, Pietrzak JRT, Haddad FS
Institution(s)
University College Hospital, London, UK; Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
Conclusion
“There was reduced bone and periarticular soft tissue injury” in patients who underwent RA-TKA compared to conventional TKA.
Mako Total Knee key clinical studies
Outcomes
Title
Do total knee arthroplasty surgical instruments influence clinical outcomes? A prospective parallel study of 150 patients
Journal
Presented at ORS
Year
2019
Author(s)
Bhowmik-Stoker M, Faizan A, Nevelos J, Tippett B, Clark G
Institution(s)
St. John of God, Perth, Australia
Conclusion
Compared to computer navigated TKA, patients who received RA-TKA had significantly improved post-op pain, reduced total morphine consumption, and a reduced length of stay.
Title
Multicenter analysis of outcomes after robotic-arm assisted total knee arthroplasty
Journal
Presented at the Knee Society Meeting
Year
2018
Author(s)
Hozack W, Chen A, Khlopas A, Mahoney O, Mont M, Murray T, Orozco F, Higuera Rueda C, Stearns K
Institution(s)
Rothman Institute; Brigham and Women’s Orthopaedic Center; Cleveland Clinic; Athens Orthopaedic Clinic; Lenox Hill Hospital
Conclusion
The data indicated RA-TKA patients had greater improvement in their functional activity walking and standing scores at both 4-6 weeks and 6 months follow-up (p=0.019 and p=0.017, respectively) when compared to conventional TKA patients. Additionally, RA-TKA patients had higher overall functional activity improvements at 1-year follow-up (p=0.020).
Title
Patient satisfaction outcomes after robotic-arm assisted total knee arthroplasty: a short-term evaluation
Journal
Journal of Knee Surgury
Year
2017
Author(s)
Marchand RC, Sodhi N, Khlopas A, Sultan AA, Harwin SF, Malkani AL, Mont MM
Institution(s)
Ortho Rhode Island, Wakefield, RI; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York; KentuckyOne Health, Louisville, KY
Conclusion
In a single-surgeon study of 28 cemented RA-TKAs, the RA-TKA cohort had a significantly lower mean pain score and greater patient satisfaction than the manual TKA cohort. The results from this study showed that patients who underwent RA-TKA demonstrated better overall patient satisfaction and functional outcome scores.
Mako Total Knee key clinical studies
Cost
Title
Health care utilization and payer cost analysis of robotic arm assisted total knee arthroplasty at 30, 60, and 90 days
Journal
Journal of Knee Surgury
Year
2019
Author(s)
Mont MA, Cool C, Gregory D, Coppolecchia A, Sodhi N, Jacofsky D
Institution(s)
Lenox Hill Hospital; Baker Tilly; The CORE Institute
Conclusion
RA-TKA patients had overall lower average 90-day EOC cost to payer (Medicare) compared to conventional TKA. Cost savings were driven by: reduced index facility costs, lower LOS, discharge destinations, and decreased readmissions.
Mako Partial Knee key clinical studies
Accuracy to plan
Title
Improved accuracy of component positioning with robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: data from a prospective, randomized controlled study
Journal
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery
Year
2016
Author(s)
Bell SW, Anthony I, Jones B, MacLean A, Rowe P, Blyth M
Institution(s)
Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK
Conclusion
Mako Partial Knee demonstrated improved accuracy of component positioning to plan compared with conventional surgical techniques (Oxford).
Mako Partial Knee key clinical studies
Survivorship
Title
Clinical outcomes of robotically assisted UKAs at 3 years follow-up
Journal
Presented at The Partial Knee Meeting (Bruges, Belgium)
Year
2018
Author(s)
Catani, F
Institution(s)
Universita degli Studi di Modena e Reggio-Emilia, Italy
Conclusion
Mako Partial Knee survivorship at 3-year follow-up was 99.2% for medial UKA (n=388) and 100% for lateral UKA (n=67).
Mako Partial Knee key clinical studies
Outcomes
Title
An assessment of early functional rehabilitation and hospital discharge in conventional versus robotic-arm assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Journal
Bone Joint Journal
Year
2018
Author(s)
Kayani B, Konan S, Tahmassebi J, Rowan FE, Haddad FS
Institution(s)
University College London Hospital; Princess Grace Hospital
Conclusion
In a single surgeon study comparing consecutive Mako Partial Knee (n=73) vs. manual Oxford uni (n=73), Mako Partial Knee patients demonstrated: reduced post-op pain (p<0.001), decreased analgesia requirements (p<0.001), shorter time to straight leg raise (p<0.001), decreased number of PT sessions (5 vs. 9, p<0.001), improved max knee flexion at discharge (p<0.001), and reduced mean time to hospital discharge (29 hours).
Title
Outcomes of robotic-arm assisted medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: minimum 3-year follow-up
Journal
European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology
Year
2019
Author(s)
Dretakis K, Igoumenou VG
Institution(s)
Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
Conclusion
At minimum 3-year follow-up, Mako Partial Knee patients (n=51) showed no implant failure or implant-related complication or revision surgery, as well as excellent overall patient satisfaction for 96.1% of patients (patients reported very satisfied or satisfied).
Title
Robotic-arm assisted vs. conventional unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: the 2 year clinical outcomes of a randomized controlled trial
Journal
J Arthroplasty
Year
2018
Author(s)
Gilmour A, MacLean AD, Rowe PJ, Banger MS, Donnelly I, Jones BG, Blyth M
Institution(s)
Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Scotland, UK; University of Strathclyde, Scotland, UK
Conclusion
For more active patients, Mako Partial Knee patients had significantly better outcomes at 2 years compared to manual Oxford uni patients as measured by the AKSS (p=0.017), OKS (p=0.036), FJS (p=0.017), and Stiffness VAS (p=0.019).
Title
Robotic-arm assisted versus conventional unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: exploratory secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Journal
Bone and Joint Research
Year
2017
Author(s)
Blyth MJG, Anthony I, Rowe P, Banger MS, MacLean A, Jones B
Institution(s)
University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
Conclusion
Mako Partial Knee patients reported 55.4% lower post-op pain compared to manual patients (Oxford) from day one to week eight (p=0.04) and had better AKSS scores compared to manual patients at 3 months post-op. Key factors associated with achieving excellent clinical outcomes on the AKSS were: a pre-op activity level >5 on the UCLA activity score and use of robotic-arm assisted surgery.
Mako Partial Knee key clinical studies
Cost
Title
Revision analysis of robotic-arm assisted and manual unicompartmental knee arthroplastyJournalJ Arthroplasty
Year
2019
Author(s)
Cool CL, Needham KA, Khlopas A, Mont MA
Institution(s)
Baker Tilly, NY; Cleveland Clinic, OH; Lenox Hill Hospital, NY
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that patients who underwent Mako Partial Knee had fewer revision procedures, shorter length of stay, and incurred lower mean costs during the index admission and at 24 months post-op.
Mako Total Hip key clinical studies
Accuracy to plan
Title
Accuracy of component positioning in 1980 total hip arthroplasties: a comparative analysis by surgical technique and mode of guidance
Journal
The Journal of Arthroplasty
Year
2018
Author(s)
Domb B, Redmond J, Louis S, Alden K, Daley R, LaReau J, Petrakos A, Gui C, Suarez-Ahedo C
Institution(s)
American Hip Institute
Conclusion
Robotic-guided surgery was more accurate to plan than other techniques and modes of guidance in placing the acetabular component within the Lewinnek and Callanan safe zones.
Title
Variance in predicted cup size by 2-dimensional vs 3-dimensional computerized tomography-based templating in primary total hip arthroplasty
Journal
Arthroplasty Today
Year
2017
Author(s)
Osmani F, Thakkar S, Ramme A, Elbuluk A, Wojack P, Vigdorchik J
Insitution(s)
NYU Langone Medical Center, Hospital for Joint Disease
Conclusion
CT-guided planning more accurately predicted hip implant cup size when compared to the significant overpredictions of digital and acetate templating. CT-guided templating may also lead to better outcomes due to bone stock preservation from a smaller and more accurate cup size predicted than that of digital and acetate predictions.
Title
Precision of acetabular cup placement in robotic integrated total hip arthroplasty
Journal
Hip International
Year
2015
Author(s)
Elson L, Dounchis J, Illgen R, Marchand R, Padgett D, Bragdon C, Malchua H
Institution(s)
Massachusetts General Hospital; Creekside Medical Center; South County Hospital; Hospital for Special Surgery
Conclusion
In this 120 patient, multi-center study, intraoperative robotic assistance allowed for precision of preparation and position of the acetabular cup to plan during total hip arthroplasty.
Title
Accuracy of cup positioning and achieving desired hip length and offset following robotic THA
Journal
Presented at CAOS
Year
2014
Author(s)
Jerabek S, Carroll K, Marratt J, Mayman D, Padgett D
Institution(s)
Hospital for Special Surgery
Conclusion
In this cadaveric study of 21 robotic THAs, robotic THA provided excellent accuracy and precision with regard to planned cup position, hip length and offset.
Title
Comparison of robotic-assisted and conventional acetabular cup placement in THA: a matched-pair control study
Journal
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
Year
2013
Author(s)
Domb B, Bitar Y, Sadik A, Stake C, Botser I
Institution(s)
American Hip Institute
Conclusion
Use of robotic system allowed for improvement in placement of the cup in both Lewinnek and Callanan safe zones.
Mako Total Hip key clinical studies
Bone preservation
Title
Robotic-arm assisted total hip arthroplasty results in smaller acetabular cup size in relation to the femoral head size: a matched-pair controlled study
Journal
Hip International
Year
2017
Author(s)
Suarez-Ahedo C, Gui C, Martin T, Chandrasekaran S, Lodhia P, Domb B
Institustion(s)
American Hip Institute
Conclusion
Using acetabular cup size relative to femoral head size as an approximate surrogate measure of acetabular bone resection, these results may suggest greater preservation of bone stock using RTHA compared to CTHA.
Mako Total Hip key clinical studies
Outcomes
Title
Conventional vs robotic-arm assisted total hip arthroplasty (THA) surgical time, transfusion rates, length of stay, complications and learning curve
Journal
Journal of Arthritis
Year
2018
Author(s)
Heng Y, Gunaratne R, Ironside C, Taheri A
Institution(s)
Joondalup Health Campus, Australia; Curtin University, Australia
Conclusion
In this retrospective, singe-surgeon study, the observed reduction in LOS, comparable surgical times and potential for fewer complications may outweigh the increased initial cost associated with the robotic system.
Title
Robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty: outcomes at minimum two-year follow-up
Journal
Surgical Technology International
Year
2017
Author(s)
Illgen R, Bukowski B, Abiola R, Anderson P, Chughtai M, Khlopas A, Mont M
Institution(s)
University of Wisconsin; Cleveland Clinic
Conclusion
RA-THA improved acetabular component accuracy and reduced dislocation rates compared with mTHA.
Title
Improved functional outcomes with robotic compared with manual total hip arthroplasty
Journal
Surgical Technology International
Year
2016
Author(s)
Bukowski B, Anderson P, Khlopas A, Chughtai M, Mont M, Illgen R
Institution(s)
University of Wisconsin; Cleveland Clinic
Conclusion
In a retrospective, cohort study, using a single-center database, the rTHR cohort demonstrated significantly higher mean postoperative UCLA scores, higher mean postoperative mHHS scores, and a greater percentage of patients with mHHS of 90 to 100 points compared with mTHA at a minimum one-year follow-up.
MKOSYM-SS-7_Rev-1_23887
*For the Mako Total Knee application, “cut less” refers to less soft tissue damage and greater bone preservation as compared to manual surgery.8,9 For the Mako Total Hip and Partial Knee applications, “cut less” refers to greater bone preservation as compared to manual surgery.7,10
References:
- Illgen, R, Bukowski, B, Abiola, R, Anderson, P, Chughtai, M, Khlopas, A, Mont, M. Robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty: Outcomes at minimum two year follow up. Surgical Technology International. 2017 July 25; 30:365-372.
- Kayani B, Konan S, Tahmassebi J, Pietrzak JRT, Haddad FS. Robotic-arm assisted total knee arthroplasty is associated with improved early functional recovery and reduced time to hospital discharge compared with conventional jig-based total knee arthroplasty: a prospective cohort study. The Bone and Joint Journal. 2018;100-B:930-7.
- Kleeblad LJ, Borus T, Coon T, Dounchis J, Nguyen J, Pearle A. Midterm survivorship and patient satisfaction of robotic-arm assisted medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a multicenter study. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2018:1-8.
- Haddad, F.S., et al. Robotic-arm assisted total knee arthroplasty is associated with improved early functional recovery and reduced time to hospital discharge compared with conventional jig-based total knee arthroplasty. The Bone & Joint Journal, July 2018.
- Dretakis, K, Igoumenou, VG. Outcomes of robotic-arm assisted medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: minimum 3-year follow-up. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology. 2019 Aug;29(6):1305-1311.
- Nawabi D, Conditt M, Ranawat A, Dunbar N, Jones J, Banks S, Padgett D. Haptically guided robotic technology in total hip arthroplasty: A cadaveric investigation. Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2013 Mar;227(3):302-9.
- Suarez-Ahedo, C; Gui, C; Martin, T; Chandrasekaran, S; Domb, B. Robotic arm assisted total hip arthoplasty results in smaller acetabular cup size in relation to the femoral head size: A Matched-Pair Controlled Study. Hip Int. 2017; 27 (2): 147-152.
- Haddad, F.S, et al. Iatrogenic Bone and Soft Tissue Trauma in Robotic-Arm Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Compared With Conventional Jig-Based Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Cohort Study and Validation of a New Classification System. J Arthroplasty. 2018 Aug;33(8):2496-2501. Epub 2018 Mar 27.
- Hozack, W, Chen, A, Khlopas, A, Mahoney, O, Mont, M, Murray, T, Orozco, F, Higuera Rueda, C, Stearns, K. Multicenter Analysis of Outcomes after Robotic-Arm Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty. American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Annual Meeting. Las Vegas, NV. March 12-16, 2019.
- Hampp E, Chang TC, Pearle A. Robotic partial knee arthroplasty demonstrated greater bone preservation compared to robotic total knee arthroplasty. Annual Orthopaedic Research Society. Austin, TX. 2-5 Feb 2019.
- Kayani B, Konan S, Tahmassebi J, Rowan FE, Haddad FS. An assessment of early functional rehabilitation and hospital discharge in conventional versus robotic-arm assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Bone Joint J. 2019 Jan;101-B(1):24-33.
- Suarez-Ahedo C, Gui C, Martin T, Chandrasekaran S, Lodhia P, Domb B. Robotic-arm assisted total hip arthroplasty results in smaller acetabular cup size in relation to the femoral head size: a matched-pair controlled study. Hip Int. 2017; 27 (2): 147-152.
- Stryker’s sales and case data
- Anthony I, Bell SW, Blyth M, Jones B et al. Improved accuracy of component positioning with robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016;98-A(8):627-35.
- Mahoney O, Kinsey T, Mont M, Hozack W, Orozco F, Chen A. Can computer generated 3D bone models improve the accuracy of total knee component placement compared to manual instrumentation: a prospective multi-center evaluation? International Society for Technology in Arthroplasty 32nd Annual Congress. Toronto, Canada. October 2-5, 2019.
MKOSYM-WC-19_22862